Ovarian Cancer: Understanding and Fighting Back
Ovarian cancer is often called a “silent killer” because it develops with subtle or vague symptoms that many women overlook. However, once diagnosed, timely treatment can make a significant difference in survival and quality of life. Thanks to medical advancements, ovarian cancer treatment has evolved beyond just surgery and chemotherapy.
1. Surgery – The First Step in Treatment
For most women, surgery is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible, often including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and nearby tissue. In some cases, surrounding tissues like peritoneum, omentum and involved lymph nodes, bowel, pelvis are removed. Ovarian cancer often involves fertility preserving/sparing surgery, which is possible in some early stage cancers and can be done selectively in some patients. Minimally invasive surgery (robotic or laparoscopic surgery) can be used to help patients recover faster with smaller scars and reduced hospital stay.
2. Chemotherapy – Destroying Cancer Cells
Chemotherapy is commonly used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. It can be given intravenously (through a vein) or directly into the abdominal cavity (intraperitoneal chemotherapy). Advances in drug combinations have improved outcomes and reduced side effects compared to older regimens.
3. Targeted Therapy – Precision Against Cancer
Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapies focus on specific weaknesses in cancer cells. For example, PARP inhibitors are particularly effective in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. These medicines block cancer cells’ ability to repair themselves, making them more vulnerable to destruction.
4. Immunotherapy – Boosting the Body’s Defense
Immunotherapy is an exciting area of research for ovarian cancer. It works by stimulating the patient’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. While not yet widely used for all cases, clinical trials are showing promising results for certain subtypes of ovarian cancer.
5. Hormone Therapy – Slowing Cancer Growth
In some cases, hormone therapy is recommended, especially for women with specific ovarian cancer types that are hormone-sensitive. These treatments work by blocking hormones that fuel cancer cell growth.
6. Supportive & Palliative Care
Treatment isn’t just about fighting cancer cells. Managing side effects like fatigue, nausea, or emotional stress is equally important. Nutrition support, counseling, and physical therapy can significantly enhance a patient’s quality of life during and after treatment.