Skin cancer
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, typically caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning devices. It is the most common type of cancer globally but also one of the most preventable and treatable when detected early.
There are three major types of skin cancer:
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
- Melanoma (the most dangerous type)
Symptoms of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can appear in many forms. Look for these warning signs:
- New growths or sores that don’t heal
- Changes in the size, shape, or color of a mole or spot
- Itching, bleeding, or crusting lesions
- Shiny, pearly bumps (often BCC)
- Scaly, red patches (often SCC)
- Dark brown or black lesions with irregular borders (possible Melanoma)
ABCDE Rule for Melanoma:
- Asymmetry
- Border irregularity
- Color variation
- Diameter >6mm
- Evolving over time
Causes of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer develops when skin cells suffer DNA damage, often caused by:
- Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation from the sun or tanning beds
- Genetic mutations or family history of skin cancer
- Exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation
- Weakened immune system
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
- Fair Skin & Light Hair/Eyes – Less melanin provides less protection from UV rays
- Frequent Sun Exposure – Especially without protection
- History of Sunburns or Tanning Bed Use
- Family or Personal History of Skin Cancer
- Multiple or Atypical Moles
- Weakened Immune System – Due to illness or medications
- Older Age – Risk increases with age
Prevention of Skin Cancer
- Avoid Excessive Sun Exposure – Especially during peak hours (10am–4pm)
- Use Sunscreen Daily – SPF 30 or higher, even on cloudy days
- Wear Protective Clothing, Hats, and Sunglasses
- Avoid Tanning Beds
- Perform Regular Skin Self-Exams
- See a Dermatologist for Annual Skin Checks
Pro Tip: Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours when outdoors.
Diagnosis of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is diagnosed through:
- Skin Examination – Visual inspection by a dermatologist
- Dermatoscopy – A handheld device to examine skin lesions in detail
- Biopsy – A sample of the suspicious area is taken for lab analysis
- Imaging Tests – If the cancer is suspected to have spread (in advanced cases)
Treatment Options for Skin Cancer
Treatment depends on the type, size, location, and stage of cancer:
- Surgical Excision – Removal of cancerous tissue with a margin of healthy skin
- Mohs Surgery – Precise removal layer by layer (ideal for facial cancers)
- Cryotherapy – Freezing and destroying cancer cells
- Topical Medications – For early or superficial skin cancers
- Radiation Therapy – Used in cases where surgery isn’t suitable
- Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy – For advanced or metastatic skin cancers
- Targeted Therapy – Especially for advanced melanoma