Stomach Cancer
What is Stomach Cancer?
Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, occurs when abnormal cells in the stomach grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. It often develops slowly over many years and may not show symptoms in the early stages, making early detection crucial for successful treatment.
Symptoms of Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer symptoms may be mild in the beginning but worsen as the disease progresses. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent Indigestion & Heartburn
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- Loss of Appetite or Feeling Full Quickly
- Abdominal Pain or Discomfort
- Nausea & Vomiting (Sometimes with Blood)
- Bloating After Eating
- Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)
- Fatigue & Weakness
- Blood in Stool (Black or Tarry Stools)
If you experience any of these symptoms for an extended period, consult a doctor immediately.
Causes of Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer occurs due to genetic mutations in stomach cells, leading to uncontrolled growth. Although the exact cause remains unclear, several factors contribute to its development.
Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer
- Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) Infection – A bacterial infection linked to stomach ulcers and cancer.
- Diet High in Salted, Smoked & Processed Foods – Increases cancer risk.
- Chronic Gastritis (Inflammation of the Stomach Lining)
- Smoking & Heavy Alcohol Consumption – Damages stomach cells.
- Family History of Stomach Cancer – Genetic predisposition plays a role.
- Obesity – Increases the risk of stomach and other cancers.
- Pernicious Anemia & Stomach Polyps – Can lead to abnormal cell growth.
- Previous Stomach Surgery or GERD – May increase susceptibility.
Prevention of Stomach Cancer
While stomach cancer cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can lower the risk:
- Maintain a Healthy Diet – Eat fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Limit Processed & Smoked Foods – Reduce consumption of salty and preserved foods.
- Quit Smoking & Reduce Alcohol Intake – Protects stomach lining from damage.
- Treat H. pylori Infections – Early treatment can reduce cancer risk.
- Exercise Regularly & Maintain a Healthy Weight – Helps lower cancer risk.
- Regular Health Checkups & Screening – Early detection improves treatment success.
Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer
Doctors use several diagnostic tests to detect stomach cancer, including:
- Upper Endoscopy (Gastroscopy) – A camera inserted into the stomach to check for abnormalities.
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken for cancer detection.
- Barium Swallow X-ray – Helps identify tumors in the stomach lining.
- CT scan, MRI & PET Scan – Determines cancer spread (staging).
- Blood Tests – Check for anemia and cancer markers.
Treatment Options for Stomach Cancer
Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, patient’s health, and tumor location. The main treatment options include:
- Surgery – Removes part or all of the stomach (Gastrectomy).
- Radiation Therapy – High-energy beams target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy – Drug treatment to kill or shrink cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy – Attacks specific cancer cell mutations.
- Immunotherapy – Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
- Palliative Care – Helps relieve symptoms and improve quality of life for advanced-stage patients.